NEWSLETTER 97 | September 2022

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

INTERVIEW

35 YEARS OF RESEARCH AT THE INFN GRAN SASSO NATIONAL LABORATORIES

Interview with Ezio Previtali, professor at the University of Milano-Bicocca and INFN researcher, director of the INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratories.

The celebrations for the 70^th anniversary of the founding of INFN, which will end in September, provided the ideal setting to commemorate the foundation of many of the Divisions and Laboratories of the institute, spread throughout the country and branching out throughout the national university system. Among the structures that celebrated such milestones were the INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratories, a unique scientific reality and international benchmark for the field of neutrino physics and the search for dark matter, as well as a cutting-edge technology development center, which blew out 35 candles on 17 June. Founded in the late 1970s from an idea of Antonino Zichichi, then President of INFN, the Gran Sasso National Laboratories were established in 1985, when, alongside the tunnel connecting the Teramo and Aquila sides of the Gran Sasso massif, excavation work on the three rooms that constitute its underground infrastructure was completed. The start of the centre's scientific activities, on the other hand, dates back to 1987. Thanks to the 1,400 metres of rock above them, capable of shielding natural radiation, the laboratories have hosted innovative experiments of high sensitivity, such as Borexino and OPERA, just to name the most well-known, which generated fundamental results, such as the observation of the major stellar nuclear processes taking place in the Sun and detection the neutrino oscillation. After 35 years of activity and success, the Gran Sasso National Laboratories (LNGS) continue to fulfil their role as a privileged vantage point for rare physical phenomena, and are now preparing to welcome next-generation experiments through major maintenance and upgrade works. Coordinating this exciting transition phase is Ezio Previtali, head of LNGS since 15 October 2020. ...

NEWS

RESEARCH

CUPID-0: DEMONSTRATED A NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR THE HUNTING OF MAJORANA NEUTRINOS

RESEARCH

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WILL HELP MULTIMESSENGER ASTRONOMY

APPOINTMENTS

CERN, GIUSEPPE RUGGIERO IS THE NEW SPOKESPERSON OF THE NA62 COLLABORATION

FOCUS

THE INTRINSIC CHARM OF THE PROTON

New research by the NNPDF (Neural Networks Parton Distribution Functions) collaboration, led by the University of Milan and INFN, could shed light on a surprising feature of the structure of protons. The study, published in the journalNature, indeed showed how 'charm' quarks, along with the better-known and lighter 'up' and 'down' quarks, are also to be counted among the intrinsic components of these atomic constituents, confirming a hypothesis developed more than 40 years ago. The result was achieved by adopting innovative machine learning techniques, thanks to which it was possible to analyse and solve in detail the large mass of data produced by particle colliders. In addition to improving the understanding of the structure of protons, which is still little known, the study will help to make the theoretical description of collisions between these particles more accurate, facilitating the observation of possible clues to new physics.

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TAKE PART IN

FROM GALILEO TO QUANTUM PHYSICS AT THE PHILOSOPHY FESTIVAL

Once again this year, INFN is taking part in festivalfilosofia, scheduled for 16-18 September 2022, in Modena, Carpi and Sassuolo. The festivalfilosofia, now at its 22^nd edition, aims to be a space for philosophical and cultural dialogue and debate, with a dense programme of lectures, exhibitions, performances, readings, children's activities and philosophical dinners. The meeting organised by INFN will be hosted at the Piazza Martiri in Carpi and will focus on the radical change that quantum mechanics triggered in early 20th-century physics, revolutionising its foundations and even the notion of measuring reality....